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            <title>Common Annotations</title>
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            <p>This document was produced as part of the Viola Muse Digital Edition (violamuse.unfdhi.org), based at the University of North Florida.</p>
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                  <summary>Annotations shared aross multiple documents in the Viola Muse Digital Edition.</summary>
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         <p xml:id="ausenber"><mentioned>Ausenber</mentioned>. <mentioned>ausenber</mentioned> and <mentioned>ausenber cloth</mentioned> refer to <mentioned>osnaburg</mentioned>, a "species of coarse linen, originally made in Osnaburg, Germany" (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#wrud"><title level="m">WRUD</title></ref>). The same term, with nearly identical spelling as in the Muse notes, appears in the interview that Sadie B. Hornsby conducted with ex-slave Easter Huff, published in <title level="m">SN</title>, vol. 4 ("Georgia Narratives"), part 2: "In de winter us had good warm clothes, made out of coarse ausenburg (osnaburg) cloth" (247).</p>
         <p xml:id="boardOfPublicInstructions"><mentioned>Board of Public Instructions</mentioned>. In several documents, when referring to state and county boards of instruction, Muse writes the final word in plural. See  <mentioned>State Board of Public Instructions</mentioned> in <ref target="./jhs-195918-02-06.xml">Minnie E. Washington (1 of 2)</ref> and <ref target="./jhs-195918-04-01.xml">Minnie E. Washington</ref> (2 of 2), and <mentioned>Board of Public Instructions of Duval County</mentioned> in <ref target="./jhs-195918-02-11.xml">Harden Woodham Stuckey (1 of 2)</ref> and <ref target="./jhs-195918-09-02.xml">Harden Woodham Stuckey (2 of 2)</ref>.</p>
         <p xml:id="beam"><mentioned>beam</mentioned>. The <mentioned>beam</mentioned> is "the width of a ship at the widest point, or a point alongside the ship at the mid-point of its length" (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#oed"><title level="m">OED</title></ref>).</p>
         
         <p xml:id="bow"><mentioned>bow</mentioned>. The <mentioned>bow</mentioned> is the "fore-end of a ship or boat" (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#oed"><title level="m">OED</title></ref>).</p>
         
         <p xml:id="boylanSchool"><mentioned>Boylan School</mentioned>. The Boylan School was an institution for the education of African American girls. For more information, see <ref target="https://ufdc.ufl.edu/NF00000069/00001/1j">the Boylan School Yearbook from 1932-1933</ref>, available through the website of the George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida.</p>
         <p xml:id="bushHarbors"><mentioned>bush harbors</mentioned>. Muse uses this term in the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/80">Willis Williams Interview Notes</ref>, <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/81">Willis Williams Narrative (1 of 2)</ref> and <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/99">Willis Williams Narrative (2 of 2)</ref>. It may possibly be a combination of two terms: <mentioned>hush harbor</mentioned>, meaning  a location in which enslaved persons could engage in clandestine religious practice, and <mentioned>bush arbor</mentioned>, which <ref target="abbreviations.xml#dare"><title level="m">DARE</title></ref> registers as a variant of <mentioned>brush arbor</mentioned>, 'an arbor made of brushwood especially as a place for a camp meeting' (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#mw">MW</ref>). The related term <mentioned>bush meeting</mentioned> is 'a gathering in the woods for the purpose of open&#8211;air preaching, and other religious exercises (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#dare"><title level="m">DARE</title></ref>).
         </p>
         <p xml:id="calvary"><mentioned>calvary</mentioned>. In the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/80">Willis Williams Interview Notes</ref>, the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/81">Willis Williams Narrative (1 of 2)</ref>, and the <ref target="http://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/120">Lindsay Moore Interview Notes</ref>, Muse writes <mentioned>calvary</mentioned> (and at times <mentioned>calvery</mentioned>) in place of <mentioned>cavalry</mentioned>. <ref target="abbreviations.xml#dare"><title level="m">DARE</title></ref> registers <mentioned>calvary</mentioned> as a variant of <mentioned>cavalry</mentioned> resulting from metathesis. We have not emended, but have standardized <mentioned>calvery</mentioned> to <mentioned>calvary</mentioned>.</p>
         <p xml:id="cologne"><mentioned>Cologne, South America</mentioned>. In the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/76">Rebecca Fulton Narrative</ref>, Dr. William Sams is said to have come to the United States from "Cologne, South America," a place mentioned also in the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/88">Rebecca Fulton Interview Notes</ref>. The reference is perhaps to Colonia del Sacramento, which since its founding in the seventeenth century passed back and forth between Spanish and Portuguese control, and then was a city in the independent national of Brazil, and since 1828, has been part of Uruguay.</p>
         <p xml:id="crowther-of-sierra-leone"><mentioned>Crowther of Sierra Leone</mentioned>. This work, apparently a biography of Samuel Ajayi Crowther (c1809&#8211;1891), has not been identified. According to both <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/46">Reverend Thomas H.B. Walker (2 of 2)</ref> and <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/104">Biographical Sketch of Reverend Thomas H.B. Walker in <title level="m">The Florida Negro</title></ref>, this volume was utilized as a school textbook in Liberia.</p>
         <p xml:id="draft"><mentioned>draft</mentioned>. <mentioned>draft</mentioned> is "the depth of water which a vessel draws, or requires to float her" (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#oed"><title level="m">OED</title></ref>, s.v. <mentioned>draught</mentioned>).</p>
         <p xml:id="eaverson"><mentioned>Eaverson</mentioned>. Muse writes <mentioned>Everson</mentioned> in place of <mentioned>Eaverson</mentioned> in <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/4">Notes on Art in Public Schools</ref>, <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/80">Willis Williams Interview Notes</ref>, <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/81">Willis Williams Narrative (1 of 2)</ref>, and <ref target="http://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/99">Willis Williams Narrative (2 of 2)</ref>. We have emended in all cases. <mentioned>Everson</mentioned> also appears in a struck paragraph (see transcription view) in <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/66">Poets Among Children</ref>. </p>
         <p xml:id="earthquake"><mentioned>Earthquake, c.1888.</mentioned> In the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/3">Irene Coates Interview Notes</ref>, <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/93">Irene Coates Narrative (1 of 4)</ref>, <ref target="http://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/94">Irene Coates Narrative (2 of 4)</ref>, and <ref target="http://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/97">Irene Coates Narrative (4 of 4)</ref>, reference is made to an earthquake in approximately 1888. The geography of this event is unclear in the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/3">Irene Coates Interview Notes</ref> and <ref target="http://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/94">Irene Coates Narrative (2 of 4)</ref>, but <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/93">Irene Coates Narrative (1 of 4)</ref> and <ref target="http://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/97">Irene Coates Narrative (4 of 4)</ref> indicate that it took place in Charleston, South Carolina. The event is not mentioned in the incomplete <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/86">Irene Coates Narrative (3 of 4)</ref>.</p>
         <p xml:id="faceOnBarRoomFloor"><mentioned>The Face on the Bar Room Floor</mentioned>. John Henry Titus wrote <title level="a">The Face on the Bar Room Floor</title> in 1872. In 1887, Hugh Antoine D'Arcy printed in the <title level="m">New York Dispatch</title> <title level="a">The Face on the Floor,</title> which Titus claimed to be a version of his own work&#8212;to that time unpublished&#8212;presented under false pretenses. The text, as popularized by D'Arcy, was the basis for a 1914 film by Charlin Chaplin, as well as numerous musical recordings (see the <ref target="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8858402">Worldcat entry for the 1890 book version of the poem</ref>). A newspaper article from May 22, 1929, pasted inside the front of <ref target="works-cited.xml#darcy-1918">a copy of the 1918 edition D'Arcy's book</ref>, held by the University of Indiana and digitized by Google Books, recounts this controversy, as explained by Titus to a judge in New York City as part of an eviction hearing against the author, who appears to have not benefitted financially from the commercial success of his poem. </p>
         <p xml:id="fitzgiles"><mentioned>Fitzgiles</mentioned>. Muse spells the surname of Willis Williams' maternal grandmother with an <mentioned> s</mentioned> (<mentioned>Fitsgiles</mentioned>) in the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/80">Willis Williams Interview Notes</ref>, but it appears with a <mentioned>z</mentioned> in <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/81">Willis Williams Narrative (1 of 2)</ref> and <ref target="http://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/99">Willis Williams Narrative (2 of 2)</ref>.</p>
         <p xml:id="goofer-dust"><mentioned>goofer dust</mentioned>. <ref target="abbreviations.xml#dare"><title level="m">DARE</title></ref> registers <mentioned>goofer</mentioned> as a verb meaning 'to bewitch, to practice conjure' and <mentioned>goofer dust</mentioned> (along with <mentioned>goofer dirt</mentioned>, <mentioned>goofer powder</mentioned>, <mentioned>goofer root</mentioned>, and other forms) as a substance used to cast spells.</p>
         <p xml:id="guana"><mentioned>guana.</mentioned> <ref target="abbreviations.xml#dare"><title level="m">DARE</title></ref> registers <mentioned>guana</mentioned> as a variant of <mentioned>guano</mentioned> 'fertilizer. See <ref target="abbreviations.xml#wrud"><title level="m">WRUD</title></ref>, s.v. <mentioned>guano</mentioned>: "a substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented by sea fowls, and comprised chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in phosphates and ammonia and is used as a powerful fertilizer."
         </p>
         <p xml:id="gritsmill"><mentioned>gritsmill</mentioned>. <ref target="abbreviations.xml#dare"><title level="m">DARE</title></ref> explains the term ('a mill for grinding grits') as arising possibly by influence of <mentioned>gristmill</mentioned>. Standard dictionaries, including <ref target="abbreviations.xml#wrud"><title level="m">WRUD</title></ref>, <ref target="abbreviations.xml#mw">MW</ref> and <ref target="abbreviations.xml#oed"><title level="m">OED</title></ref>, do not register <mentioned>gritsmill</mentioned>. <!--Two locations labeled <mentioned>gristmill</mentioned> appear on the <ref target="works-cited.xml#koch-1876">Koch map of Jacksonville from 1876</ref>--></p>
         <p xml:id="happening"><mentioned>happening</mentioned>. Muse appears to use the term <mentioned>happening</mentioned> as a plural noun in two documents &#8212; <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/54"><title level="m">Florida Times-Union</title>, "Star Edition"</ref> and <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/55"><title level="m">The Jacksonville Advocate</title></ref>. We find no documentation of this usage, but honor it in our reading versions, as its occurance in two separate items suggests that it is not an error. Muse does not, however, appear to use this form to the exclusion of the more common <mentioned>happenings</mentioned>, which appears in the last sentence of <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/54"><title level="m">Florida Times-Union</title>, "Star Edition"</ref> and the first sentence of <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/56"><title level="m">Jacksonville Journal</title>, "Star Edition"</ref>.</p>
         <p xml:id="hollow"><mentioned>hollow</mentioned>. <ref target="abbreviations.xml#dare"><title level="m">DARE</title></ref> registers <mentioned>hollow</mentioned> as a variant of <mentioned>holler</mentioned>.</p>
         <p xml:id="keel"><mentioned>keel</mentioned>. The <mentioned>keel</mentioned> is the "lowest longitudinal timber of a ship or boat, on which the framework of the whole is built up; in boats and small vessels forming a prominent central ridge on the under surface" (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#oed"><title level="m">OED</title></ref>).</p>
         <p xml:id="man-without-blemish"><mentioned>Man Without Blemish</mentioned>. This work has not been identified. The entry for Walker in <ref target="works-cited.xml#yanser-1941"><title level="m">Who's Who in Colored America</title></ref> mentions this text, indicating it was published by Hall &amp; Bros.</p>
         
         <p xml:id="pomper"><mentioned>pomper</mentioned>. The <title level="m"><ref target="./abbreviations.xml#oed">OED</ref></title> registers <mentioned>pomper</mentioned> as a variant of <mentioned>pamper</mentioned> that is mainly a regional usage in the United States. <title level="m"><ref target="./abbreviations.xml#dare">DARE</ref></title> gathers the term as well.</p>

         <p xml:id="plat"><mentioned>plat</mentioned>. 'to braid' (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#wrud"><title level="m">WRUD</title></ref>).</p>
         <!--<p xml:id="presidents-of-the-negro-republic"><mentioned>Presidents of the Negro Republic</mentioned>. This work has not been identified. It may be the same as <ref target="works-cited.xml#walker-1915">Walker, <title level="m">The Presidents of Liberia</title></ref>.</p>-->
         <p xml:id="pythians"><mentioned>Pythian/Pythians</mentioned>. Muse writes <mentioned>Knights of Pythian</mentioned> in place of <mentioned>Knights of Pythias</mentioned> in <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/25">John Henry Adams (2 of 3)</ref> and <mentioned>Pythian Temple</mentioned> in instead of <mentioned>Pythias Temple</mentioned> (unless <mentioned>Pythian</mentioned> is intended in the latter case as an adjective) in <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/89">"Amusements and Celebrations, Jacksonville, Fla."</ref> In contrast, Muse writes <mentioned>Knights of Pythias</mentioned> in <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/24">John Henry Adams (1 of 3)</ref> and <mentioned>Knights of Pythias Hall</mentioned> in the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/3">Irene Coates Interview Notes</ref>.</p>
         
         <p xml:id="saplo-island"><mentioned>Saplo Island</mentioned>. In the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/88">Rebecca Fulton Interview Notes</ref> and the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/76">Rebecca Fulton Narrative</ref>, Muse writes <mentioned>Saplo</mentioned> in place of <mentioned>Sapelo </mentioned> when referring to the island in McIntosh County, Georgia.</p>
         <p xml:id="shinplaster"><mentioned>Shinplaster</mentioned>. A <mentioned>shinplaster</mentioned> was "a piece of privately issued paper currency" and, in particular, "one poorly secured and depreciated in value" (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#MW">MW</ref>). The term appears in the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/80">Willis Williams Interview Notes</ref>, <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/81">Willis Williams Narrative (1 of 2)</ref>, <ref target="http://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/99">Willis Williams Narrative (2 of 2)</ref>, and the <ref target="http://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/120">Lindsay Moore Interview Notes</ref>. </p>
         <p xml:id="spider"><mentioned>spider</mentioned>. 'a cast-iron frying pan originally made with short feet to stand among coals on the hearth' (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#mw">MW</ref>). The term appears in the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/80">Willis Williams Interview Notes</ref>, <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/81">Willis Williams Narrative (1 of 2)</ref>, <ref target="http://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/99">Willis Williams Narrative (2 of 2)</ref>, and the <ref target="http://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/120">Lindsay Moore Interview Notes</ref>. It is found also in <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/105">"Git It 'n Run!" from <title level="m">The Florida Negro</title></ref>.</p>
         <p xml:id="stem"><mentioned>stem</mentioned>. The <mentioned>stem</mentioned> is the "curved upright timber or piece of metal at the bow of a vessel, into which the planks of the bow are scarfed" (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#oed"><title level="m">OED</title></ref>).</p>
         <p xml:id="stern"><mentioned>stern</mentioned>. The <mentioned>stern</mentioned> is the "hind part of a ship or boat" (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#oed"><title level="m">OED</title></ref>).</p>
         <p xml:id="sunshineAndShadows"><mentioned>Sunshine and Shadows</mentioned>. The book mentioned is <ref target="works-cited.xml#dancer-1918">William Evey Dancer, <title level="m">Sunshine and Shadows: A Concert Book of Easter, Christmas and Exhibition Speeches for Any Occasion</title>, Jacksonville, FL, Sentinel Print, 1918</ref>. Both <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/47"><title level="m">Sunshine and Shadows</title> by W.E. Dancer (1 of 2)</ref> and <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/id/48"><title level="m">Sunshine and Shadows</title> by W.E. Dancer (2 of 2)</ref> mention five editions. The 1918 edition appears to have been the first. We have found evidence of only one other, published 1930.</p>
         <p xml:id="tattler"><mentioned>The Tattler</mentioned>. The <title level="m">Tattler</title> was a newspaper for African American readers in Jacksonville. Muse mentions the paper in <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/52">Aria Louise Rogers</ref> and <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/66">Poets Among Children</ref>, and profiles it in <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/53">The <title level="m"> Tattler</title></ref>, expressing a negative opinion of what she views as its scandalizing nature and negative effect on youth.</p>
         <p xml:id="trite"><mentioned>trite</mentioned>. The term <mentioned>trite</mentioned> in the quotation from John Henry Titus in the various versions of the biographical notes on Pattie Louphelia Busby Green appears to have the sense of 'well worn,' not the more common and pejorative 'devoid of freshness or novelty; hackneyed' (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#oed"><title level="m">OED</title></ref>).</p>
         <p xml:id="whelp"><mentioned>whelp</mentioned>. 'a bump or ridge on the surface of the skin' (<ref target="abbreviations.xml#dare"><title level="m">DARE</title></ref>).</p>
         <p xml:id="william-williams"><mentioned>William Williams</mentioned>. Towards the end of both <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/81">Willis Williams Narrative (1 of 2)</ref> and <ref target="http://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/99">Willis Williams Narrative (2 of 2)</ref>, the first name of Williams' father is given, apparently in error, as <mentioned>William</mentioned>. As indicated earlier in both documents, as well as in the <ref target="https://violamuse.unfdhi.org/items/show/80">Willis Williams Interview Notes</ref>, his name was <mentioned>Ransom</mentioned>.</p>

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